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[Beta vulgaris var. cicla] Seeds of Swiss chard, valued for its fleshy pale stalk and bright green leaf, easy to grow in the home garden.
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Swiss chard, also known as leaf beet or ribbed chard, is a vegetable recognizable by its fleshy, pale-colored stalk and its wide, bright green leaf. Grown for both its stalk and leaves, it lends itself to many kitchen uses, from soups to sauteed side dishes.
Botanically it is a Beta vulgaris var. cicla, part of the Amaranthaceae family (formerly Chenopodiaceae). The plant forms large, deep green leaves arranged in a rosette, with wide, fleshy and tender ribs that can reach 15-20 cm in length.
It is a biennial species but is grown as an annual in home gardens, since the green part of the plant is what matters, rather than the root.
Sowing takes place from March to August, placing 2-3 seeds per station at intervals of 35-40 cm along the row, at about 1.5-2 cm deep. As soon as the seedlings can be handled, they should be thinned to one per station. Harvest takes place about 50 days after sowing.
This species favors medium-textured, cool, deep soil rich in organic matter and nitrogen, with a pH between 7 and 7.5, avoiding waterlogging which favors rot. It grows well in a temperate climate, between 15 and 24°C, but is sensitive to both frost and excessive heat.
By progressively removing only the outer leaves during the harvest period, instead of cutting the whole plant, it is possible to enjoy fresh chard throughout summer, autumn and part of winter.
It is advisable not to grow chard on the same plot where it was grown the previous year, alternating it with dwarf beans, onions, lettuce or cabbages. Repeated hoeing helps control weeds, while mulching between rows with straw or dry grass clippings helps retain soil moisture.
Swiss chard generally does not present major pest problems, especially in mountain areas; at lower elevations it can be attacked by aphids, while in humid, cool seasons the leaves can be affected by powdery mildew, treatable with sulfur powder. Rust is also among the main threats.
The leaves and stalks of this vegetable have a very low calorie content and a notable supply of vitamins and iron. The flavor is less acidic and sweeter than spinach, of which it represents an excellent alternative, even on less rich soils.