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Sunflower Seeds
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[Helianthus annuus] The common sunflower, with its striking golden bloom that follows the movement of the sun, is one of the most beloved and recognisable ornamental plants in the world.
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More info
- Sunflower Seeds
- The Sunflower Plant
- How to Sow Sunflowers
- How to Grow Sunflowers
- Tips for Growing Sunflowers
- Pests and Diseases
- Uses and Curiosities
Sunflower Seeds
The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an annual plant native to the Americas, now grown worldwide for both ornamental and oilseed purposes. Its large golden flower head, which can reach up to 30 cm across, makes it one of the most recognisable plants in summer gardens.
The Sunflower Plant
It belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has a sturdy, upright, mostly unbranched stem that reaches 70-120 cm in garden varieties, while more vigorous varieties can exceed 2-3 metres in height. The leaves are broad and heart-shaped, light green in colour.
During growth the flower head follows the movement of the sun (heliotropism), a behaviour that stops once flowering is complete.
How to Sow Sunflowers
Sow from April to June directly in the ground at a depth of 2-3 cm, or indoors in pots from February to get earlier blooms. Sunflowers need full sun exposure.
How to Grow Sunflowers
The ideal soil is well-drained and fertile; plants should be spaced 30-60 cm apart. Regular watering is needed, especially during dry spells, and a potassium-rich fertiliser during summer flowering is beneficial.
Tips for Growing Sunflowers
Taller varieties need staking to support the weight of the flower head. Avoid growing giant varieties in pots, as they develop a substantial root system.
Pests and Diseases
Sunflowers are generally resistant, but can be affected by powdery mildew and rust in excessively humid conditions. Crop rotation helps prevent fungal issues.
Uses and Curiosities
Besides its ornamental use, the seeds are edible, eaten roasted or pressed for oil. In Greek mythology the sunflower is linked to the nymph Clytie, transformed into the flower for her love of the sun god Apollo.
- Sowing: April-June (or February in pots)
- Exposure: full sun
- Flowering: summer
- Height: 70 cm - 3 m depending on variety
- Soil: well-drained, fertile
- Watering: regular, more in dry spells
- Suggested use: borders, flowering hedges, cut flower